a. Each colored or gray object in a scene reflects a specific amount of
light.
A scene which consists primarily of light-colored or light-toned
objects will usually require a decrease in exposure as compared to the basic
exposure for an average scene.
b. Conversely, a scene which consists primarily of dark-colored or
dark-toned objects will usually require an increase in exposure as compared
to the basic exposure for an average scene. The primary reason light scenes
and dark scenes require less exposure and more exposure, respectively, in
comparison to an average scene is to maintain detail in the highlights of
the light scenes and detail in the shadow areas of the dark scenes.
c. So classifications of dark, normal and light are determined from the
colors and shades of objects in a scene.
With dark objects requiring an
increase of exposure of one f/stop, normally require no change, and light
objects requiring a decrease of exposure of one f/stop.
4. Test Exposure. The best way to ensure a correct exposure under all of
these differing lighting conditions is to make test exposures. However, if
exposure tests are not practical prior to making a photograph, a technique
termed exposure bracketing can be used. Exposure bracketing is the exposing
of film in a series of increasing or decreasing exposures, usually in
increments of one-half or full f/stops. One of the exposures in the series
of bracketed exposures should yield acceptable results.
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