6. Summary.
a. In this lesson you learned the Army's basic fighting doctrine-AirLand Battle-as defined by its
four tenets of initiative, agility, depth, and synchronization.
(1) Initiative is setting or changing the terms of battle by action. It reflects an offensive spirit
in conducting all operations. Initiative leads to the enemy conforming to our operational purpose while
we retain our freedom of action.
(2) Agility is the ability of friendly forces to act faster than the enemy. Repeated rapid
concentrations of strength against the enemy is the mark of agility. The enemy is disoriented and his
response is weak.
(3) Depth is the extension of operations in space, time, and resources. The commander
obtains the necessary space to maneuver effectively; the necessary time to plan, arrange, and execute
operations; and the necessary resources to win.
(4) Synchronization s the arrangement of battlefield activities in time, space and purpose to
produce maximum relative combat power at the decisive point. It is both a process and a result.
Commanders synchronize activities; they thereby produce synchronized operations.
b. Close, deep, and rear operations.
(1) Close operations involve the fight between the committed forces and the readily available
tactical reserves of both combatants. Principal elements are the coordinated plans for maneuver and fire
support. Activities are maneuver, close combat, indirect fire support, combat support and combat
service support, and command and control.
(2) Deep operations are activities directed against the enemy forces not in contact. They are
designed to influence the conditions in which future close operations will be conducted. Deep
operations behind enemy lines shape the battlefield to assure advantage in follow-on engagements.
(3) Rear operations are activities rearward of elements in contact and they are designed to
assure freedom of maneuver and continuity of operations, including continuity of sustainment and C2.
c. Principles of war. The principles of war form a foundation for the Army's fighting doctrine.
The nine principles of war for the Army are: objective, offensive, mass, economy of force, maneuver,
unity of command, security, surprise, and simplicity.
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