(4) The spark signal is like that made by a spark gap Morse
transmission.
(5) Other popular and effective signals can be applied to the
jammer's carrier. They include random Morse keying (on-off keying),
random
noise,
static,
and
playback
of
previously
recorded
transmissions.
c. Reradiation jamming normally uses special equipment. Normally
directed
against
non-communications
emitters,
there
are
some
applications of reradiation against communications receivers.
The
most widely used method uses the delayed retransmission of a recorded
transmission.
To conduct this form of jamming, a very slight delay
is used when rebroadcasting the recorded signal.
The following are
other forms of reradiation jamming:
(1) A repeater can intercept, alter, amplify, and retransmit
signals.
(2) Transponders
are
systems
that
automatically
send
a
predetermined signal in response to the reception of a given signal.
(3) Reflection jamming uses devices, such as corner reflectors
and chaff, to confuse electronic systems by producing false signals
or images. It is sometimes called mechanical jamming.
d. The are three major systems for executing jamming missions.
They are ground-based systems, airborne platforms, and expendable
jammers.
Determining the delivery vehicle is based on several
factors. These include:
(1) Target link distance.
This is the distance between the
enemy transmitter and receiver.
(2) Jammer-to-receiver distance.
This is the distance from the
jammer to the intended receiver.
(3) Terrain factors.
The line-of-sight factor between the
jammer and the target receiver is important. A hill or mountain can
mask the jamming signal.
(4) Effective radiated power quotient. This is the computation
of the effective radiated power of the jammer and the enemy
transmitter.
It is used to determine the jammer radiated power
requirement needed to defeat the transmitter.
3-3
SS0134
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