Figure 2-1.
Remedial ECCM techniques.
(1) Obvious jamming is normally easy to detect.
Modulated signals
are commonly encountered. They are identified quite readily by the signal's
actual modulation. Examples of obvious jamming include:
(a) Random noise. This is synthetic radio noise that is random in
amplitude and frequency. It is similar to normal background noise and used
to degrade all types of signals.
(b) Stepped tones (bagpipes).
These are sent at increasing and
decreasing pitch. They resemble the sound of bagpipes and are normally used
against single-channel AM or FM voice.
(c) Spark.
This is an easily produced signal, which is very
effective in disrupting all types of signals.
Its sound resembles short
duration, high intensity signals repeated at a rapid rate.
(d) Gulls.
These are generated by a quick rise and then a slow
fall of a variable radio signal, which is similar to a sea gull's call.
They produce a nuisance effect and are usually effective against voice
transmissions.
(e) Random
pulse.
This involves pulses of varying amplitude,
duration, and rate.
It is used to disrupt RATT, radar, and all types of
data transmissions.
SS0135
2-8
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